[Prognostic factors of mortality one year after a hip fragility fracture. Anoia hip study]. / Factores pronósticos de mortalidad al año de una fractura de cadera por fragilidad ósea. Estudio Maluc Anoia.

INTRODUCTION: Most of the patients who had a hip fragility fracture are characterized by advanced age, frailty, multimorbidity and high mortality rate into the first year. Our aim is to describe the prognostic factors of mortality one year after a hip fragility fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational prospective study. During the study period we included patients older than 69 years with hip fragility fracture who were admitted to the Acute Geriatric Unit. RESULTS: We have followed 364 patients, 100 of them died (27.5%). The independent prognostic factors of mortality one year after a hip fragility fracture had been: have a less basis score in Lawton and Brody Scale 0.603 (0.505-0.721) (p< 0.001); have a higher score in Charlson Comorbidity Index 2.332 (1.308-4.157) p = 0.04); have a surgical waiting time ≥ 3 days 3.013 (1.330-6.829) p = 0.008); finding hydroelectrolytic disorders and/or deterioration of glomerular filtration 1.212 (1.017-1.444) p = 0.031) during hospital stay; discriminatory capacity of the area under the curve (AUC) (± 95%): 0.888 (0.880-0.891). CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic predictors of mortality at one year after a hip fragility fracture are those variables that reflect a worse state of health, complications during hospital stay and a longer surgical waiting time.

Prognostic factors for discharge to home and residing at home 12 months after hip fracture: an Anoia hip study.

OBJECTIVES: Hip fracture is often associated with loss of physical function and institutionalization. The aim of this study is to describe the prognostic factors for discharge to home and residing there 12 months after a hip fracture. METHODS: A prospective study that includes patients aged ≥ 69 years that live at home before the fracture, admitted from June 1st, 2010, to May 31st, 2013. We registered the demographic data, presurgical function and cognitive assessment, surgical waiting time, type of fracture and complications during hospitalization. RESULTS: We included 273 patients (mean age 84.8 ± 6.1 years; 80% women), 130 (47.6%) were discharged directly to their own home. The predictors of discharge to home were a lower Geriatrics Dementia Scale score (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.17-1.71; p < 0.001), a higher Barthel Index score at discharge (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.05-1.10; p < 0.001) and a longer hospital stay (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.27; p = 0.019). At 12 months, 169 (63.5%) were still residing at home. Predictors of residing at home 12 months after the hip fracture were age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.12; p = 0.010), the discharge Barthel Index score (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p < 0.001), the Geriatrics Dementia Scale score (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.52; p = 0.013), the surgical waiting time (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.077-10.89; p = 0.037) and Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.55; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Prognostic factors for discharging to home and remaining there 12 months after a hip fracture are those that reflect a better health condition prior to the fracture and better functionality at the hospital discharge for hip fracture.

Mejorando la atención del paciente mayor ingresado por fractura de cadera. ¿Hemos de avanzar? / Improving the care of the elderly patient admitted for hip fracture. Should we move forward?

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Advantages of care for patients with hip fractures in the acute geriatric unit: Hip study Anoia.

AIM: Hip fracture as a result of bone fragility is characterized by poor health outcomes in the medium and long term. Our goal was to compare a new orthogeriatric model with the old trauma model and evaluate improvements in clinical management. METHODS: We carried out a comparative unicentric study, a historical sample (trauma model) collected from 1 June 2007 to 31 May 2010, versus a prospective sample (orthogeriatric model) collected from 1 June 2010 until 31 May 2013. We included all patients aged >69 years with hip fracture as a result of bone fragility. RESULTS: A total of 792 patients were evaluated (mean age 84.3 years). The surgical waiting period went from 2.70 days in the trauma model to 1.86 days in the orthogeriatric model (P < 0.001); the average stay was 15.76 days in the trauma model, and for the orthogeriatric model was reduced to 5.90 days (P < 0.001); mortality went from 4.5% to 1.3% (P ≤ 0.010); 1 month readmission for hip dislocation was reduced from 2.3% to 0.5% (P = 0.032). After a 6-month follow up, we had 302 trauma model patients and 287 orthogeriatric model patients. After 1 year, we had 288 patients in the trauma model and 264 patients in the orthogeriatric model. The main cause of abandonment was death, 108 patients (27.3%) in the trauma model and 100 patients (27.5%) in the orthogeriatric model (P = 0.951). CONCLUSIONS: When we compared the two models, we found statistically significant better results in the preoperative waiting period, average stay, hospital mortality and 1 month readmission as a result of hip prosthesis luxation in favor of the orthogeriatric model. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 407-414.

Beca de nivelación académica: resultados de un programa de intervención en estudiantes de origen vulnerable en la universidad de concepción / Bolsa de nivelamento acadêmico: resultados de um programa de intervenção em estudantes de origem vulnerável na universidade de concepción / Academic leveling program: findings of an intervention program on socially vulnerable students at universidad de concepción

RESUMEN: El artículo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de logros académicos de 120 beneficiarios del programa Beca de Nivelación Académica implementado por la Universidad de Concepción. El propósito del programa es apoyar la retención y mejorar el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de primer año de origen socioeconómico vulnerable. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa y se definió un estudio correlacional, cuyos resultados indican que la retención alcanzó un 87%, mientras que el promedio de notas fue un 5.1, mejorando los resultados anteriores y logrando los indicadores comprometidos. La prueba de hábitos de estudios demostró constituir el mejor predictor del rendimiento académico. Estos resultados fueron complementados con dos focus group, que revelaron la alta valoración de los estudiantes hacia el programa como una instancia facilitadora de su adaptación a las exigencias universitarias. Finalmente, se reflexiona respecto a las políticas públicas que buscan fortalecer la equidad en la educación superior en Chile.

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta os resultados da avaliação do desempenho acadêmico de 120 beneficiários do programa de Bolsa de Nivelação Acadêmica implementado pela Universidade de Concepción. O objetivo do programa é apoiar a permanência e melhorar o rendimento acadêmico de estudantes universitários do primeiro ano de origem socioeconômica vulnerável. Utilizou-se uma metodologia quantitativa e definiu-se um estudo correlacional, cujos resultados indicam que a permanência alcançou 87%, enquanto a média de notas foi de 5,1, melhorando os resultados anteriores e atingindo os indicadores previstos. A prova de hábitos de estudos demonstrou ser o melhor preditor do rendimento acadêmico. Esses resultados foram complementados com dois grupos focais, os quais revelaram a grande valorização do programa pelos estudantes como uma instância facilitadora de sua adaptação às exigências universitárias. Finalmente, reflete-se sobre as políticas públicas que buscam fortalecer a equidade na educação superior no Chile.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the findings of the assessment of 120 students' academic performance, who benefited from an academic leveling program implemented by the University of Concepción. The purpose of this program is to support the stay and to improve the academic performance of first year university students of socioeconomic vulnerable origin. A quantitative methodology was used and a correlational study was defined; the results show the stay reached 87%, while participants' averaged grade was 5.1 on a scale from 1 to 7. This allows improving participants' past results and accomplishing the expected indicators. The study habits test proved to be the best predictor of academic achievement. These results were complemented by two focus groups that show the students' high value of the program as a facilitating instance of their adaptation to the university demands. Finally, there is a reflection on public policies that seek to strengthen higher education equity in Chile.

Potencialidades y proyecciones de la implementación del mapa conceptual como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en bioquímica: potentialities and projections / Implementation of the conceptual map as a teaching and learning strategy in biochemistry

La necesidad de generar cambios en la docencia que promuevan el aprendizaje significativo utilizando estrategias centradas en el estudiante ha sido ampliamente discutida en las últimas 2 décadas. Enfocados en esta propuesta, en este trabajo se compartió la implementación del uso de mapas conceptuales en diferentes modalidades en la asignatura Bioquímica para Bioingeniería, como experiencia piloto para uso en diferentes asignaturas del área de las ciencias biológicas. Se describieron las modalidades utilizadas y se discutieron sus ventajas y desventajas, según la apreciación del profesor y de los estudiantes, además de compartir los recursos generados durante la ejecución de esta intervención pedagógica. El análisis de la apreciación del estudiante reveló que la gran mayoría consideró positiva la experiencia lo cual indica que los mapas conceptuales facilitan el establecer relaciones entre conceptos, su memorización y aprendizaje, a la vez que sugieren una amplia y positiva potencialidad del recurso en el aula. A través de este trabajo se invita al profesor a innovar al usar la metodología, creando ambientes de aprendizaje que motiven al estudiante a aprender.

The need to bring about changes in teaching that promote meaningful learning by using student-centered education has been extensively discussed over the past two decades. In this context, this paper presented diverse approaches for the implementation of conceptual maps in several modalities of the subject biochemistry in Bioengineering, as a pilot experience for their use in different subjects of biological sciences. The modalities, their advantages and disadvantages according to the perception of the teachers and students were discussed, and the materials produced while implementing this pedagogical intervention were shared. The analysis of the students' perception revealed that the majority positively valued the experience, indicating that conceptual maps facilitate establishing relationships among concepts, their memorisation and learning, all of which indicate a broad and positive potential of this teaching resource in the classroom. Through this work professors are invited to innovate in using methodology and to create learning climates that encourage the students to learning.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios chilenos / Cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean university students

Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios asintomáticos de ambos sexos, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad. Material y métodos. La muestra quedó integrada por 1,301 estudiantes. En una submuestra de 293 sujetos se midieron lípidos séricos, con un analizador químico Hitachi 717. La obesidad se estimó considerando el índice de masa corporal (IMC); el antecedente familiar de infarto, así como el consumo de cigarrillos y el nivel de actividad física se determinaron mediante un cuestionario de autoevaluación. Se contruyeron tablas de contingencia para estudiar asociaciones entre factores de riesgo lipídicos y no lipídicos, usando la prueba X² de Pearson. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiples para determinar la relación de cada una de las variables lipídicas (colesterol total, colesterol-lipoproteína de baja densidad, colesterol-lipoproteína de alta densidad y triglicéridos), así como de las no lipídicas (edad, peso, estatura, IMC, sexo, presión arterial alta, conducta sedentaria y antecedente familiar de infarto precroz). Resultados. Se encontraron niveles de riesgo lipídico en 29.2 por ciento de los casos para colesterol total, en 16.2 por ciento para lipoproteína de baja densidad y en 5 por ciento para lipoproteína de alta densidad. Entre los factores de riesgo no lipídicos más prevalentes, estaban el consumo de cigarrillos, con 46.1 por ciento, y el sedentarismo, que alcanzó 60.8 por ciento. La obesidad, la hipertensión arterial y el antecedente familiar alcanzaron 1.9, 4.6 y 11 por ciento, respectivamente. Se observó una asociación entre el perfil lipídico de riesgo, la obesidad, la conducta fumadora y el antecedente familiar. Conclusiones. Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de sedentarismo y conducta fumadora, asociada a un perfil lipídico de riesgo. Se deduce la necesidad imperiosa de diseñar programas de intervención con el fin de modificar el estilo de vida y prevenir la posible presencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la vida adulta de los jóvenes